Majestic Gas Fireplace

Further Reading: Gas

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Nuclear Fuel ... Most nuclear fuels contain heavy fissile elements that are capable of nuclear fission. When these fuels are struck by neutrons, they are in turn capable of emitting neutrons when they break apart...

Turbulence ... Irregularity: Turbulent flows are always highly irregular. This is why turbulence problems are always treated statistically rather than deterministically...

Gas Cylinder ... However, in contrast, what the United States calls liquefied petroleum gas is known generically in the United Kingdom as "LPG"; and it may be ordered using by one of several trade names, or specifically as butane or propane depending on the required heat output... Design codes and application standards along with the cost of materials dictated the choice of steel with no weldings for most gas cylinders, treated to be anti corrosive...

History Of The Automobile ... The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789. 19th century Among other efforts, in 1815, a professor at Prague Polytechnich, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car...

Charles's Law ... His statement of the law can be expressed mathematically as: where V100 is the volume occupied by a given sample of gas at 100 °C; V0 is the volume occupied by the same sample of gas at 0 °C; and k is a constant which is the same for all gases at constant pressure...

Dalton's Law ... Mathematically, the pressure of a mixture of gases can be defined as the summation or where represent the partial pressure of each component. It is assumed that the gases do not react with each other...

Effects Of The Automobile On Societies ... The effects of the automobile on everyday life have been a subject of controversy. While the introduction of the mass-produced automobile represented a revolution in mobility and convenience, the modern consequences of heavy automotive use contribute to the use of non-renewable fuels, a dramatic increase in the rate of accidental death, social isolation, the disconnection of community, the rise in obesity, the generation of air & noise pollution, urban sprawl, and urban decay...

Van Der Waals Force ... All intermolecular/van der Waals forces are anisotropic (except those between two noble gas atoms), which means that they depend on the relative orientation of the molecules... When molecules are in thermal motion, as they are in the gas and liquid phase, the electrostatic force is averaged out to a large extent, because the molecules thermally rotate and thus probe both repulsive and attractive parts of the electrostatic force...

Pressure ... It is incorrect (although rather usual) to say "the pressure is directed in such or such direction". The pressure, as a scalar, has no direction...

Statistical Mechanics ... Statistical mechanics was initiated in 1870 with the work of Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, much of which was collectively published in Boltzmann's 1896 Lectures on Gas Theory...

Perfect Gas ... A thermally perfect gas is in thermodynamic equilibrium is not chemically reacting has internal energy e, enthalpy h, and specific heat Cv that are functions of temperature only and not of pressure, i.e., ... This type of approximation is useful for modeling, for example, an axial compressor where temperature fluctuations are usually not large enough to cause any significant deviations from the thermally perfect gas model... Even more restricted is the calorically perfect gas for which, in addition, the specific heat is assumed to be constant: and ...

Real Gas ... Where P is the pressure, T is the temperature, R the ideal gas constant, and Vm the molar volume. a and b are parameters that are determined empirically for each gas, but are sometimes estimated from their critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc) using these relations:...

Equation Of State ... The pressure of the gas could be determined by the difference between the mercury level in the short end of the tube and that in the long, open end... Mathematically, this can be represented for n species as: The ideal gas law (1834) In 1834 Émile Clapeyron combined Boyle's Law and Charles' law into the first statement of the ideal gas law... Initially the law was formulated as pVm = R (TC + 267) (with temperature expressed in degrees Celsius), where R is the gas constant...

Automobile ... The term motorcar has also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems...

Gasification ... Syngas may be burned directly in gas engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer-Tropsch process into synthetic fuel... In addition, the high-temperature process refines out corrosive ash elements such as chloride and potassium, allowing clean gas production from otherwise problematic fuels... Initially developed to produce town gas for lighting & cooking in 1800s, this was replaced by electricity and natural gas, it was also used in blast furnaces but the bigger role was played in the production of synthetic chemicals where it has been in use since the 1920s...

Gas ... High-density atomic gases super cooled to incredibly low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either a Bose gas or a Fermi gas... Their detailed studies ultimately led to a mathematical relationship among these properties expressed by the ideal gas law (see simplified models section below)... Gas particles are widely separated from one another, and as such are not as strongly intermolecularly bonded to the same degree as liquids or solids...

Brownian Motion ... In 1827 the biologist Robert Brown noticed that if you looked at pollen grains in water through a microscope, the pollen jiggles about. He called this jiggling 'Brownian motion', but Brown couldn't work out what was causing it...

Fuel ... Perhaps the earliest fuel employed by humans is wood. Evidence shows controlled fire was used up to 1.5 million years ago at Swartkrans, South Africa...

Gay-Lussac's Law ... In addition to Gay-Lussac's results, Amedeo Avogadro theorized that, at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gas contain equal numbers of molecules (Avogadro's law)... Pressure-temperature law Gay-Lussac's name is also associated — erroneously — with another gas law, the so-called pressure law, which states that:...

Thermodynamic Equilibrium ... Thermodynamics Branches Classical · Statistical · Chemical Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Thermofluids Laws Zeroth · First · Second · Third Systems State: Equation of state Ideal gas · Real gas Phase of matter · Equilibrium Control volume · Instruments Processes: Isobaric · Isochoric · Isothermal Adiabatic · Isentropic · Isenthalpic Quasistatic · Polytropic Free expansion Reversibility · Irreversibility Endoreversibility Cycles: Heat engines · Heat pumps Thermal efficiency System properties Property diagrams Intensive and extensive properties State functions: Temperature / Entropy (intro.) † Pressure / Volume † Chemical potential / Particle no... † († Conjugate variables) Vapor quality Reduced properties Process functions: Work · Heat Material properties Specific heat capacity Compressibility Thermal expansion...

Compressibility Factor ... In many real world applications requirements for accuracy demand that deviations from ideal gas behaviour, i.e., real gas behaviour, is taken into account... This allows repulsive forces between molecules to have a noticeable effect, making the molar volume of the real gas greater than the molar volume of the corresponding ideal gas, which causes to exceed one... The closer the gas is to its critical point or its boiling point, the more deviates from the ideal case...

Avogadro's Law ... Thus, the number of molecules or atoms in a specific volume of gas is independent of their size or the molar mass of the gas... As an example, equal volumes of molecular hydrogen and nitrogen contain the same number of molecules when they are at the same temperature and pressure, and observe ideal gas behavior... Mathematical definition Avogadro's law is stated mathematically as: Where: V is the volume of the gas...

MOX Fuel ... One attraction of MOX fuel is that it is a way of utilizing surplus weapons-grade plutonium, an alternative to storage of surplus plutonium, which would need to be secured against the risk of theft for use in nuclear weapons. On the other hand, some studies warned that normalising the global commercial use of MOX fuel and the associated expansion of nuclear reprocessing will increase, rather than reduce, the risk of nuclear proliferation, by encouraging increased separation of plutonium from spent fuel in the civil nuclear fuel cycle...

Thermodynamics ... Thermodynamics can be applied to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering, such as engines, phase transitions, chemical reactions, transport phenomena, and even black holes. The results of thermodynamics are essential for other fields of physics and for chemistry, chemical engineering, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, cell biology, biomedical engineering, materials science, and are useful for other fields such as economics...