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Automobile Safety ... From 2006 the use of "bull bars", a fashion on 4x4s and SUVs, became illegal in the European Union, after having been banned on all new cars in 2002... Vehicle colour A Swedish study found that pink cars are involved in the fewest and black cars are involved in the most crashes (Land transport NZ 2005)... In Auckland New Zealand, a study found that there was a significantly lower rate of serious injury in silver cars; with higher rates in, brown, black, and green cars...

Road Traffic Safety ... The standard measures used in assessing road safety interventions are fatalities and Killed or Seriously Injured (KSI) rates, usually per billion (109) passenger kilometres. Countries caught in the old road safety paradigm, replace KSI rates with crash rates - for example, crashes per million vehicle miles...

DARPA Grand Challenge ... The Grand Challenge was the first long distance competition for driverless cars in the world; other research efforts in the field of Driverless cars take a more traditional commercial or academic approach...

Autonomous Car ... Autonomous cars are not in widespread use, but their introduction could produce several direct advantages: Fewer crashes, due to the autonomous system's increased reliability compared to human drivers Increased roadway capacity due to reduced need of safety gaps for example by platooning, and the ability to better manage traffic flow... Alleviation of parking scarcity as cars could drop off passengers, park far away where space is not scarce, and return as needed to pick up passengers... Adoption of robotic cars could reduce the number of vehicles worldwide, reduce the amount of space required for vehicle parking, and reduce the need for traffic police and vehicle insurance...

Vegetable Oil Fuel ... Periodic petroleum shortages spurred research into vegetable oil as a diesel substitute during the 1930s and 1940s, and again in the 1970s and early 1980s when straight vegetable oil enjoyed its highest level of scientific interest. The 1970s also saw the formation of the first commercial enterprise to allow consumers to run straight vegetable oil in their automobiles, Elsbett of Germany...

Antique Car ... However, the legal definition for the purpose of antique vehicle registration varies widely. The antique car era includes the veteran car era and the brass car era which is from the beginning of the automobile up to the 1930s...

Second Generation Biofuels ... First generation biofuels are made from the sugars and vegetable oils found in arable crops, which can be easily extracted using conventional technology. In comparison, second generation biofuels are made from lignocellulosic biomass or woody crops, agricultural residues or waste, which makes it harder to extract the required fuel...

Turbulence ... Irregularity: Turbulent flows are always highly irregular. This is why turbulence problems are always treated statistically rather than deterministically...

Biofuels By Region ... A senior member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Congressman Fred Upton introduced legislation to use at least E10 fuel by 2012 in all cars in the USA... GM has over 4 million E85 cars on the road now, and by 2012 half of the production cars for the US will be capable of running on E85 fuel... Asia China Main article: Bioenergy in China In China, the government is making E10 blends mandatory in five provinces that account for 16% of the nation's passenger cars...

Mitigation Of Peak Oil ... For the most part, mitigation involves fuel conservation, and the use of alternative and renewable energy sources. The development of unconventional oil resources can extend the use of petroleum, but does not reduce consumption...

Automotive Market In The United States ... With the high fuel prices and the world petroleum crisis, the United States has seen its automotive market become more like the European market with fewer large vehicles on the road and more small cars... For luxurious cars, with the current volatility in oil prices, going for smaller cars is not only smart, but also trendy... And because fashion is of high importance with the upper classes, the little green cars with luxury trimmings become quite plausible ...

Wood Gas ... Wood can be used to power cars with ordinary internal combustion engines if a wood gasifier is attached...

Electric Car ... Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engine technology and mass production of cheaper gasoline vehicles led to a decline in the use of electric drive vehicle... The energy crises of the 1970s and 80s brought a short-lived interest in electric cars, but in the mid-2000s a renewed interest in the production of electric cars took place, due mainly to concerns about rapidly increasing oil prices and the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions...

History Of The Automobile ... The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789. 19th century Among other efforts, in 1815, a professor at Prague Polytechnich, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car...

Automobile ... These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems... Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; the engines of these burn over a billion cubic meters (260 billion US gallons) of petrol/gasoline and diesel fuel yearly...

Future Car Technologies ... Advanced control Platoons of cars that are controlled by the lead car Vehicle infrastructure integration Driverless car Energy sources One major problem in developing cleaner, energy efficient automobiles is the source of power to drive the engine... A variety of alternative fuel vehicles have been proposed or sold, including electric cars, hydrogen cars, compressed-air cars and liquid nitrogen cars...

Economics Of Automobile Usage ... Public costs related to the automobile are several; effects related to emissions have received a lot of attention, however the impact of manufacturing and disposal is less well-understood. Private benefits/costs The benefits of using a car differ by many factors, in regard to location and culture...

Alcohol Fuel ... Most methanol is produced from natural gas, although it can be produced from biomass using very similar chemical processes. Ethanol is commonly produced from biological material through fermentation processes...

Automotive Industry ... The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations. History The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany...

Biodiesel ... Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with petrodiesel...

Peak Oil ... This concept is based on the observed production rates of individual oil wells, projected reserves and the combined production rate of a field of related oil wells. In order to understand physical Peak oil, the growing effort for production must be considered...

Pneumatic Motor ... Pneumatic motors have existed in many forms over the past two centuries, ranging in size from hand held turbines to engines of up to several hundred horsepower. Some types rely on pistons and cylinders, others use turbines...

Effects Of The Automobile On Societies ... The effects of the automobile on everyday life have been a subject of controversy. While the introduction of the mass-produced automobile represented a revolution in mobility and convenience, the modern consequences of heavy automotive use contribute to the use of non-renewable fuels, a dramatic increase in the rate of accidental death, social isolation, the disconnection of community, the rise in obesity, the generation of air & noise pollution, urban sprawl, and urban decay...

Automotive Industry By Country ... The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan. In 2009 China became the world's largest vehicle producer...